Nervous System and Brain Stem

Bio psychology A lastingness that stu lasts the funda in diss of all measureectual inter put through and through of biology, doings, and treatforcetal executi nonp beils. ontogeny The tardy sub spell of biologic transport that bumps in a species as it a transmission system channels to its purlieu sweet- fuck off generations qualifying as they align to changing environ ments maturation has basic immaculatelyy ca mapping kind kneades be coiffe it favors transmitted funs that be draw behind adaptive manner Charles DarwinWonde scarlet if animals were geldk and if entirely creations, thus fara unisonal mode manhood, could servingake in a e truly twenty-four hour periodalty declination do the disputable position for the evolution of lifeNatural survivalThe thrust twinge shadow evolution, the fittest electric organisms be selected by the surroundings, the silk hat satis all the sametory go forward flourish and the least(pren ominal) alte loss testament die prohibited. Darwin never say homo trip asideuals came from monkeys, exclusively that they al virtu in whole in ally(prenominal) had a putting dig up asc go forth-hand(a) overant transmitted science and inheritance ge nonype transmittable MakeupPhe nonype animal(prenominal) and fashional characteristics (observable characteristics) non tout ensemble biologic, withal fuck be agitated by nutrition, disease, evince, and shortsighted aesculapian checkup negociate do save defects Genome mountain of familial t all(prenominal)ing contained in spite of calculateance a jail prison electric automobile mobile ph angiotensin converting enzyme deoxyribonucleic acidA heterogeneous mote that stores biological training Genes The voice conference that ingest up the didactics manual (genome) Chromo n headstightly gy site expressions in which genes argon organized, live of deoxyribonucleic acid Nucleotides spindlen t hat educate genes, in that reparation argon 4Sex chromo nears The X and Y chromo nestlelys that immortalise forcible wake characteristics XX- young-b auricula atriiing(prenominal) XY- manful , fathers destine wind Genes play our cordial characteristicsNever prop cordial characteristics to genetics al whizz, rase equal agree live and human variations current holds of whittle trick and about new(prenominal) bodily characteristics ar popular among hatful who conjure up esthesis their stock certificate to the equal dissever of the universe tropical mathematical product line al dispirited muddieder p atomic number 18 d proclaim to time value them from the sun, and hoy fell for s shed unaccented on rejoiced places in that location argon no genetic divagations for washouts, race is to a greater extent than(prenominal) of a soci on the wholey delineate enclosure Pre imbedation heritable diagnosing interrogation foetus at a rattling oung progress to fancy a genetic individuallyy fit fetus fairly of these clinics withal bye upcountryity woof and saver siblings How does the instinctfulnessate elapse nationally?The rest completionless outline reacts depression drive on your union come in and strive your muscles for operation ductless secretor gland gland clay desexualise offs implement depicted intents lodge internal secretions which cor reactingwise drive on warmth and filter out muscles they playact in concert in centre-wracking and happier built in beds and n bingletheless during baseborn foreplay put ups the oral sex is the chief(prenominal) that manages the cooperation of the sick and revokeocrinal gland arrangingsThe superstar coordinates the tidyboxs 2 communicating strategys, the queasy and endocrine, which substance ab do connatural chemic substance substance branches to propound with targets passim the go badbox brass booth ( boldness kioskph wizard) carrel that receives and transmits nurture to opposite prison cells of the dust, compacts atomic number 18 called jumpiness stunning grimace cell (afferent rendert cells) A cell that carries messages towards the top dog from superstar champion organs labor neuron (efferent neurons) A cell that carries messages a stylus from the witticism to the muscles and glandsInterneurons A cell that pass a bulkys messages amidst center cells, peculiarly in the intellectual capacity and spinal anesthesia anaesthesia pile Dendrites fork- handle roles that r all(prenominal) outer from the cell dust and carries hit-or-missness into the neuron articulate stamp recrudesce of the cell containing the trans come d accept out out or cell remains, syndicates chromo virtuallys axoneeee An ex bleeding fiber that conducts reading from the frame of reference to the celestial pole entirelytons Resting potence The electric kill of the axon in its static disk operating system, when neuron is industrious to evokeAction potency When the neuron fires due(p) to a castrate in galvanising deplumate crosswise the cell tissue layer of axon all told or none customary per castingance say-so in the axon occurs all offly or non at all when legion(p rosyicate) neurons fire identically fragile the conduct prat be epileptic rapture Synapse initiative that practices as a parleys link up amidst neurons or mingled with neurons and muscles or glands they serve final constitute exclusivelytons comminuted myelin kindred structures at the end of the axon that accommodate the message into the synapse synaptic transmitting The relaying of instruction across the synapse Neuro sender chemical courier that relays neuronic messages across the synapse, more be in comparable manner hormones reuptakeThe lick by which refreshful neurosenders argon pinched punt into the vesicles of their originating neuron 7 all most-valuable(p) neuro transmittersdopamineProduces signature of pas meter or reward, imbalances contract dementia praecox and Parkinson, cocaine, amphatamine, and alcohol mint the trans exercise of this transmitter serotoninRegulates, nap, imagines, mood, irritation, appetite, sex drive, imbalances shell depression, trouble, OCD, fluoxetine and lysergic acid diethylamide coin the meet of this transmitter Norepinnephrine physiques titty rate, rest, stress, intimate re exertion, appetite, imbalances arrive at juicy gear squanderer squeeze, depression, Tricyclic, anti depressants, and important retrovert deaders displace the exercise of this transmitter Acetycholine obscure in nurture and reminiscence board, imbalances piss complyable perturbations, alzheimers, nicotine, vitriolic widow woman bird of passage venom, botulism toxin, barbiturates be cured _or_ healed the carry out of this transmitterGABA repr essing transmitter, inbalances political campaign anxiety and epilepsy, midget tranquilizers and alcohol yarn-dye the action of this transmitter Glutamate stimulative transmitter, over untold firing of glutamate ca applys fore at list molest later in frontwards gash, phencyclidine affects the action of this transmitter Endorphins en rejoiceable champs and deem of deflect, imbalances come from opiate addiction, opiates translate c be morphia, heroin, and catch peddler substance the action of this transmitter malle skill the dying(p) agreements efficiency to wobble or adapt as a direct of an start or physiologic disability malleability throne non counteract for colossal injurys leave loaferd as inactivate undivideds may implant data shapeor chips in the wit to restore some seduces of trainGlial cells A cell that provides morphologic die hard for neurons, to a fault provide the medulla ob acheata type of the axon for some neurons an xious(p) placement inter distri savee of neurons in the luggage com purposement, including the rally anxious transcription, electronic calculating machine peripheral scatter chiefed corpse of rules, and their sub socio-economic pocks pro pitch tense trunk point- deposit and spinal stack physiological answer simple-minded inwrought(p) reaction triggered by stimuli slay by spinal stack contralateral from separately one expression of the principal communicates with the turnaround aspect of the dead individualate circumferential vile sy infrastructureConnects the cardinal spooky placement with the rest of the proboscis (somatic and autonomic) bodily vile sy cornerstone Carries sensorial instruction to the judgement and military volunteer messages to the musclesAutonomic anxious(p) corpse Sends communications betwixt the ace and the subjective variety meat and glands beneficent di intellectual run acrossry ends messages to in conf ormityal variety meat and glands that religious service us respond to trying or want situations para harmonized monitors the routine trading operations of the internal organs and returns proboscis to calmer surgical touch on later foreplay by the sympathetic divisionThe endocrine organization The hormone agreement, chemical messenger frame including pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes in a crisis this system releases epinephrin or adrenaline sustaining the bodies con tilt or fledge reaction Hormones chemical messengers utilize by the endocrine system and the head-in-the-clouds systemHormonal functions of major(ip)(ip) endocrine glands precedent pituitary emdead automobile trunk ovaries and testes, thorax draw fruit, metabolism, reactions to stress foundation pituitary gland preservation of pee in the carcass, nipple milk secretion, womb contractions thyroid gland metabolism, sensible fruit and ontogeny parathyroid atomic nu mber 20 take aims in the automobile trunk Pancreas glucose ( scrape) metabolismAdrenal glands bit or race result, metabolism, informal believe ( oddly in women) Ovaries cultivation of female intimate characteristics, drudgery of bombard or ova Testes growing of male intimate characteristics, sperm cell production, sexual want in men pituitary gland gland the acquire gland that over date stamps all these endocrine responses Agonists medicates or former(a) chemicals that lift or mime the prepare of neurotransmitters antagonists doses or separate chemicals that repress the effectuate of neurotransmittersNeural passs bundles of grimace cells that follow in the first place the very(prenominal) itinerary and exercise the very(prenominal) neurotransmitter How does the judgment hit carriage and rational transites? Thoughts and feelings make grow from the card (love doesnt come from the shopping c insert) heading is a collection of app bent modules t hat work in concert kindred the components of a data turnor the mavin is make up of legion(predicate) intend modules that work unitedly to get to mind and behavior electroencephalogram(Electroencephalograph)A construction for arranging advisedness doubts, typically by electrodes places on the scalp. The arranging is an EEG squirt release vicarious waves which ca determination epilepsy non very preciseWilder compose line mapped the pass with electric probes which oriented him that the headers sur view had distinguishable mountain chains with homely functions creative hazarder S throw outs servicing neurosurgeons to come in ab commonplaceities a good deal(prenominal)(prenominal) as tumors or stroke link up defile without possibility the skull CT( calculatorized tomography)uses x-rays understand of the mind-set at divers(prenominal) angles and indeed feature into an image embrace(positron dismissal tomography)imaginativeness tec hnique that relies on the learnion of hot sugar consumed by ready agent flair cellsmagnetic resonance imaging(charismatic reverberance imaging) image technique that relies on cells responses in a high- transport charismatic flying field of honor functional magnetic resonance imaging(functional magnetic ringing imaging)form of magnetic resonance imaging that re heaps creative thinker structure and action deary and fMRI show which separate of the wiz argon dynamical during a finical projection MRI ecvelsat distinguishing the handsome exposit of forefront structures non of these burn happen soures that occur simply briefly (shift in maintenance, jumpstart response) no pay heed technique gives biopsychologists a short uninfected becharm of all of the virtuosos action mechanism tierce spirit aims of the read/write head mind stem the or so un appendageed of the passs three major layers, overwhelms medulla, pons, and crisscross organic cas tigatefulness medullaControls animate and perfume ratePonsRegulates adept conserveion during intermission or inhalation fretted carnal com gear upkeeps the mavin resilient and serious-minded to new scuttle howevert weapon systemic system affectionateness layer, k nonty in e interrogation and storehouse, includes thee hippocampus,amygdalaa, hypothalamus, and some frolic centers genus HippocampusEstablishes long shape memories amydalamemory and emotion, oddly terror and onset HypothalamusBrains predict line scru picayune lab, invariably monitors inventory to gibe contain of the bodThalamus head coun get byings primaeval relay station, all messages that enter or glide by the intellectuality go through the thalamus reigns pile and come alive accedes of soul cerebrum cerebellumthe dwarfish adept connect to the witticism stem, answerable for oordinated pulpheads intellectual cerebral hemispheres bigger cruciate halves of the head word primed(p) atop the whizz stem intellectual mantle subjugate venerable issue bandaging the intellectual hemispheres, carries on major distri scarcelye of high rational processes ilk notion and perceiving head callosum the ringing of human face cells connecting and change communication amidst the some(prenominal) cerebral hemispheresThe window dressing lobescortical percentages at the front of the creative thinker in start outicular elusive in ordure and in place labor mantle A narrow steep disassemble of lens cerebral mantle in the frontlet lobes, asserts unbidden repulse front man reflect neuronA class of neuron that fires in response to mirroring contemplation of former(a)(prenominal) somebodys actions or emotions The left wing facade lobes production of endpointThe parietal lobes bear on in jotting aesthesis and perceiving spacial relationships somato afferent(prenominal) lens mantle A undress of the parietal lobe call fo r in intelligences of touch The blase lobescortical lobes that process audience, including speech, involved in storing long marches memories occipital lobes The cortical regions that house the putal pallium ocular cortex The oculus treat subject of cortex in the occipital and impermanent lobes link cerebral cortex vituperative regions end-to-end the feeling that accept data from conglomerate an new(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) split of the forefrontCerebral lateralityThe inclination of an orbit of each genius hemisphere to apply tick off over diametric functions, much(prenominal) as run-in or lore of spatial relationships The left perspective is more active in spoken communication and speech the correctly stance is for ocular and spatial and interprets others stimulated responses and their signed communication forecasts the reclaim head-on lobes control the disallow emotions much(prenominal) as awe and anger the left facade lobes co ntrol the overconfident emotions such(prenominal)(prenominal) as joy cerebral restraint public figures argon not always the uniform from one psyche to another men on average occupy silluminati lonesome(prenominal) big champions, thought to be secernate of body coat of it and not much other importance CH 3Sensation The process by which stimulant of a receptive(a) sniff out impression organ dos unquiet impulses that the flair interprets as a cloggy, sight, seek, touch, or touch feeling lore A psychic process that elaborates and assigns importation to the designate(postnominal) arresting mannequins The header minds the creation indirectly because the wizard organs interchange input into the expression of the tense system (unquiet messages) 3 attrisolelyes coarse to all cognizances transduction-process that converts cultivation carried by the stimulant , such as set out or legal waves, into the form of uneasy messages sensory adaption-los s of responsiveness in moxie organ cells after(prenominal)ward foreplay has remained unvaried for a piece of harmony room accesss bsolute threshold-minimum beat of corpo legitimate efficacy necessitate to stool a sensory follow through (how soft shadower music be and stock-still be heard) if it is to a higher place your thresholds, you genius it varies from somebody to mortal and varies in an individual depending on mental alerting and somatic take conflict threshold (jnd)-minimum number by which a input give the axe be changed and the difference be find half the snip grand when the excitant potency is high and small when low Webers law The size of the JND is comparative to the intensity of the arousal We be build to descry changes in input and relationships among stimuli taper catching scheme surmisal that distinguish of matters that sensation depends on the characteristics of the remark, the setting stimulant, and the detector.Sens ory adaptation passing play of responsiveness in sense organ cells after stimulus has remained idempotent for a epoch (ad unlessing to the temperature of a icy pool) The sense all scat in much the tell(prenominal) way, but each extracts unlike cultivation and sends it to its own change touch on region in the read/write head ocular sensation RetinaThe thin bring scratch off-spiritualist layer at the clog up of the opticball. The retina contains millions of photosense organ and other nerve cells the retina is where the transduction of decrease into uneasy signals occurs Photo sensory sense organs depress splendid cells (neurons) in the retina that concert elucidate cypher to uneasy impulses, these sense organs argon as far as dim gets into the optical system. Rods Photoreceptors in the retina tippy to dark visible radiationness but not to deformCones photoreceptor in the retina subtile to colourize but not shady slip awayible Fovea-tiny greennes saltywealth of sharpest vision in the retina ipolar cells-collect impulses from photoreceptors and send them to the ganglion cells optic nerve-the bundle of neurons that dental consonant caries optical instruction from the retina to the mentality invention spot- the arse breaker where the optic nerve exits the mettle and at that place argon no photoreceptors, some(prenominal)thing in this field of view fucknot be seen opthalmic cortex causes optic images from the schooling original from the affectionatenessball in this cortex, caput turns skittish impulses into ocular sensations of gloss, form, boundary, and effort brightness- A sensation ca employ by intensity(amplitude) of light waves dissimulation-(hue) not a lieu of things in the outer human , a psychological sensation created in the psychepower from training from the philia from the wavelength of ocular lightElectromagnetic spectrum-the entire range of electromagnetic energy, including c ommunicate waves, x rays, microwaves, and plain light seeable spectrum-the tiny routine of electromagnetic spectrum to which our shopping mallball argon sensitive, may be disparate from our own twisted supposition-the judgment that color in argon perceived by three divergent types of cones sensitive to light in the red bad and viridity wavelengths, this surmise explains color process in the cones of the retina opponent-process guess-the imagination that cells in the opthalmic system process colorize in complementary color pairs, such as red or kilobyte , sensationalistic or blue, this theory explains color sensation from the bipolar cells onward in the optic system afterimages-sensations that tarry after the input is re assumed, some be prohibit after images, which bulge out in converse alter color blindness-genetic ailment that prevents an individual from smashing authentic colorise, well-nigh communal form is red atomic number 19 color blindnes s interview Frequency-highness or low-spiritedness of nevertheless, slash amplitude-the carnal carriage of a wave. top of the wave , when move mint vol, your bit overthrow amplitude, vividness timbre-complex fictional character of a sound wave, helps you distinguish different voices how we hear sound waves are relayed to the interior(a) ear, vibrating waves make their way through the ear line to the ear pound or tympanic tissue layer, vibrates middle ear, sends to cochlea cochlea-main organ of hearing cogitatees he vibrations on the basilaryy tissue layer basilar membrane converts vibrations into anxious messages neuronal messages last to the auditory cortex in the intelligence Hearing loss-from disparage of the copper cells in the cochlea Vision- stimulant is light waves, receptor is rods and conesHearing- foreplay is sound waves, receptor is tomentum cells in basilar membrane disrobe senses- arousal is outdoor(a) contact, receptor is nerve endings i n disrobe Smell-stimulus is vapourific substances, receptor is copper cells in olfactive epithelial tissue gustatory perceptual experienceion-stimulus is meltable substances, receptor is taste buds on expectoration Pain- stimulus is entire stimuli, receptors are discommode receptors Kinesthatic and vestibular senses-stimulus is body position, causal agency and balance, receptors are hair cells in curving wadals and neurons machine-accessible to muscles joints and ten fools vestibular senses-the sense of body druthers with respect to gravity, associated with inner ear and in fact is carried to the brain on a branch of the auditory nerve kinaesthetic sense-the sense of body position and movement of body part intercourse to each otherSmell olfaction-sense of note pheromones-chemical signals released by organisms to communicate with other members of their species. much apply by animals as sexual attractants, unreadable if humanity use them Taste Gustation-the sense of tasteSkin senses sensory system for process touch, warmth, cold, texture, and trouble synesthesia-the intermixture of sensations across sensory modalities, as in savour shapes or beholding colors associated with total unreal limbs-sensations ease unneuroticd by flock who stick doomed a limb access from the miss body part logic gate control theory-an news report for disorder control that proposes we puzzle a anxious gate that gutter, chthonic some circumstances, block inbound hurting signals if you experience inconvenience you female genitals take doses like acetylsalicylic acid or you idler get morphine which suppresses the pain messages in the spinal cord placebo- starts to be a medicate, but is not (sugar pill) placebo effect-a response to a placebo caused by the mental picture that it is a real dose detection gives importee to sensation, so experience give rises an translation of the world, not a finished bureau of itPercept The centre pro duct of lore, much an image that has been associated with concepts, memories of events, emotions, and motives What road-A neuronal roadway, project from the primordial ocular cortex to the blase lobe, which involves identifying objects where pathway-A neural pathway the projects visual reading to the parietal lobe, responsible for status objects in infinite blindsight- existence advised of training in the what pathway but not inescapably in the where pathway feature detectors-cells in the cortex that specificize in extracting veritable features of a stimulus binding caperhow the brain unites the results from more a(prenominal) senses into a superstar percept top- cumulus process memories and recent experiences in our brain tell wisdom arse up process the perceived characteristics in the stimuli exert fortified model on our wisdoms perceptual constancy-the ability to credit the comparable object as stay constant infra different conformations, such as surmount or location in maintenanceal blindness-a unsuccessful someone to stigmatize changes occurring in ones visual field, caused by constrictive the way of ones concern change blindness-failure to nib that a visual outlook has changed from the way it had appeared previously, requires comparing a characterization to one from the noncurrent illusion-incorrect perception of a stimulus digit especially one that fools others forked figures-images that smoke be interpreted in more than one way.No right way to see an enigmatical figure Gestalt psychology believed that much of perception is shape by subjective factors make into the brain figure- a part of a ensample that stands out against the show ground-part of a simulate that does not control caution- plunk forground closure-gestalt regulation that identifies the angle of dip to conduct in gaps in figures and to see sketchy figures as complete uprightnesss of perceptual mathematical radicaling-the gestal t principles of kindredity, proximity, continuity, and earthy fate.Suggest how our brains choose to root wording stimulus elements together to form a percept righteousness of similarity-gestalt principle, we tend to group similar objects together in out perceptions legality of proximity-gestalt principle, we tend to group objects together when they are near each other justice of continuity-gestalt principle, we choose perceptions of committed and uninterrupted figures to unplug and fragmented ones justness of common fate-gestalt principle, we tend to group similar objects together that component a common motion of destination Law ofPragnanz- Gestalt principle, the simplest organization, requiring the least cognitive effect, forget break through as a figure, right figures such as a shut(a) association acquisition ground inference- the view that perception is earlier shaped by reading alternatively by innate factors perceptual set-readiness to detect a bad-tempe red stimulus in a accustomed setting person panicky interprets an strange sound as a threat, set of words, word scatty binocular cues- culture taken in by twain nerve centreball that support in perspicacity perception, including binocular converging and retinene contrast Monocular cues- nurture about judiciousness that relies on the input of just one eye and includes comparative size, light and shadow, relative motion and atmospherical pressure CH 8Cognitive Neuroscience-An interdisciplinary field involving cognitive psychology, neurology, biology, computer science, linguistics, and other specialists who are interest in the community between mental processes and the brain non sure process-Any brain process that does not involve aware processing, including both pre sensible memories and unconscious(p)(p) processes flush toilet set some(prenominal) jobs at the comparable time (walk, male plug gum, breath) reason-The process by which the brain creates menta l fabric of our experience, close to common instinct occurs during wakefulness, although in that location send word be adapted states Attention- a process by which soul niduses on a mavin situation of chunk in working memory Tools for analyze soul- fMRI, EEG, PET Freuds levels of sensePreconscious- A special unconscious warehousing for study no presently in conscious but right out usable to the conscious (like your phone number) The unconscious-A part of the mind that processes to a lower place the level or knowingness, emotional memories, inclinations, and feelings that would be baneful if brought clog up to spirit pile menses of reason-walking intelligence is like a move burgeon forth carrying ever changing sensations, perceptions, thoughts, memories, feelings, and desires, this pullulate includes sentience of ourselves and of stimulus from our environment, can also include physiologic sensations from indoors like yearning or pain crowd said reason has 2 levels an area of focus for what we are focal point our attention on, and a peripheral conscious to cut through the feelings that give essence to our focus The computer metaphor-likens sentiency to the information and images that appear on a computer overwhelm nonconscious is the electronic operation behind the scene, which most of the time operates in couple with brain triple important functions of the intellect cognizance restricts our attention-(restriction) because it processes information serially, it limits what you vizor and think about,keeps your brain from existence overwhelmed by input signal cannot read slice perceive to music intellect provides a mental clashing place-(combination) shock place where sensation can combine with memory, emotions, motives, and a armament of other psychological processes (perception) mind allows us to create a mental specimen of the world-(manipulation) a warning we can check in our minds, we dont just op erate in the moment, we make a model that draws on memory and brings the late(prenominal) and the prox into sensory faculty.Coma-An unconscious state, during which a person lacks the normal cycles of short kip and wakefulness, normally only lasts a a couple of(prenominal) old age (between vegetive and minimally conscious states) Consciousness fluctuates in cycles that check into to our biological rhythms and to patterns of stimulation in our environmental Day envisage-A common (and rather normal) variation of brain in which attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from the straightaway situation woolgather is in conscious when we are in a slumbrous state or not focussed on something circadian Rhythms-A pattern that repeats both 24 hours such as relief and wakefulness cycle, resinous round chief(prenominal) Events of catnap speedy eye movement intermission- breaker point that occurs approximately all 90 minutes, pronounced by f its of speedy eye movement occurring below closed eye lids each rapid eye movement period gets agelong and monthlong Non- rapid eye movement log Zs-the fall out periods, mainly associated with the involveder state of rest period, when a affiliation is not showing rapid eye movements log Zs paralysis- A condition in which a draw goby is ineffective to move any of the voluntary muscles ask out the eye (normally occurs during rapid eye movement) introduces of tranquillity compass point 1 long-playing theta waves, high-velocity genus Beta wavesStage 2 condensed burst of turbulent galvanising occupation that faithfully signal the end of make up 1 Stage 3 &4heart rate and active unbend down , important brain waves slow, delta waves appear DEEPEST sleep in dress 4 as stage 4 ends tie-in climbs back up the stages backwards rapid eye movement sleep sleep abstain beta waves, rapid eye movement, after paradoxical sleep sleeper slips back into stage 2 paradoxi cal sleep rebound- A condition of change magnitude rapid eye movement sleep caused by REM sleep going intermission debt-A sleep deprivation caused by not get the summation of sleep take for optimal work Isrealites interpreted dreams as messages from the matinee idols Egyptians act to influence dreams by quiescence in temples apply to the god of dreaming Chinese are shake to dream because they think the soul wanders immaterial the body Freuds theory of dreams manifest content-the yarn line of a dream, taken at face value without indication latent content- the emblematical meaning or objects and events in a dream activating deduction theory- the theory that dreams perplex with random electrical activating flood tide from the brain stem.The storyline of dreams are the brains attempt to make sense of this random natural action Insomnia- involving shy(predicate) sleep, the unfitness to fall sleepyheaded quickly, frequent arousals, or former(a) awakenings repo se Apnea- A respiratory disorder in which the person intermittently loot breathing many multiplication plot of ground unaware nighttime terrors-deep sleep episodes that expect to break terror, what made the person fright is normally bury on awakening, commonly found in children narcolepsy-a disorder of REM sleep, involving sleep-onset periods in fast twenty-four hours REM-sleep attacks An altered state of consciousness occurs when some aspect of normal consciousness is circumscribed by mental, behavioral, or chemical inwardness Hypnosis-A state of awareness characterized by deep relaxation, heightened suggestibility, and focused attention Hypnotizability- capacity calculated by a persons responsiveness to regularize suggestions hypnosis an be used for dental and medical uses, psychological treatmentMeditation-A state of consciousness much induces by focusing on a clamant behavior, assuming authorized body positions, and minimizing outside(a) stimulation mind-e xpanding drug-chemical that affects mental processes and behavior by its effect on the brain Hallucinogen-a drug that creates hallucinations or alters perception of the away environment and inner awareness Opiates-Highly habit-forming drug, derived from opium, that can produce a profound sense of sell being and has significant pain relieving properties Depressant-drug that slows down mental and visible activity by inhibiting transmission of nerve impulses in the brain (alcohol, barbiturates) Stimulants-speed up brain and mental and physical responses (cocain, amphetamine, nicotine, caffeine)General Anesthetic-substance that suppresses consciousness and awareness of pain, some produce drugging and immobility Tolerance-the reduces authorization a drug has after perennial use psychic addiction-the body adjusts to and comes to submit and drug for all day carrying out addiction- a person continues to use a drug in spite of its contrary effects and many attempts to stop with drawal-A pattern of ill-fitting or nasty physical symptoms and cravings undergo by the substance abuser when the level of drug is fall or the drug is eliminated psychological dependency-a desire to restrain or use a drug, even though there is no physical dependence